Intensity and spatial pattern of urban land changes in the megacities of Southeast Asia

Knowledge about intensity and spatial pattern of urban land changes (ULCs), i.e., changes from non-built-up to built-up lands, is important to a wide range of issues, from understanding of human–environment interactions and provision of urban ecosystem services, to land use policy development for landscape and urban planning toward sustainable urbanization. In this context, this paper aims to provide better understanding of the geospatial dimensions of the urbanization and landscape changes in two megacities of Southeast Asia. Specifically, we examine and compare the intensities and spatial patterns of ULCs in Metro Manila, Philippines and Bangkok Metropolitan Region (Bangkok MR), Thailand, during the 1990–2000 and 2000–2010 periods, using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and techniques. In the measurement of ULC intensity, an intensity scale is proposed to determine whether the rate of ULC during a particular time interval, i.e., 1990–2000 or 2000–2010, relative to the uniform intensity that is based on the whole time extent, i.e., 1990–2010, is very slow, slow, medium slow/fast, fast and very fast. To characterize the spatial patterns of ULCs, the concepts of the diffusion-coalescence urban growth theory were applied. The results revealed that for Metro Manila, its ULC was more intense during the 1990s (fast) than in the 2000s (slow). For Bangkok MR, it was more intense during the 2000s (medium fast) than during the 1990s (medium slow). The results also revealed that Metro Manila has been in the process of coalescence, while Bangkok MR is still largely in the process of diffusion and expansion. In this paper, we also discuss some of the possible factors influencing ULC intensity trends and spatial patterns, the advantages of the methods used for ULC analysis and some land use policy-related development plans for the two megacities.     

城市旅游经营效率评价模型研究

目前中国的城市旅游发展存在一种盲目扩张的现象，部分城市想通过扩大旅游业的投入（如大量兴建五星级酒店）来获取更多的旅游产出（收入），衡量一个城市旅游投入与旅游产出的比例关系是否合理是值得深入探讨的一个问题。因此本文构建了基于DEA方法的城市旅游投入产出效率即城市旅游经营效率进行评价模型，在模型中引入了修正系数的概念，以对不同区域的城市由于发展环境的不同造成的旅游产出的误差进行修正。最后对评价模型的适用进行了总结，并对未来的研究进行了展望。     

基于物质流分析的区域循环经济发展动态研究——以山东省为例

运用物质流分析(MFA)方法,对山东省生态经济系统1996-2010期间的物质输入与输出进行系统分析,揭示了山东省经济发展与环境压力的关系.研究结果印证了区域资源综合利用效率和废弃物输出效率的提高,反映出近年来山东省大力发展循环经济,调结构、转方式效果的显著性.     

浅谈传统文化与艺术设计

平面设计是利用视觉图像、符号来传达意图的设计形式,由于表现方式限于于平面,只通过视觉认知传达,因此有一定的局限性,但并不是说平面设计所表达的内容会因此减少和单薄,相反,在有限的表达方式下却能传达出丰富多彩,变幻莫测的意义.如果完全背离传统艺术形式,一味模仿西方的现代艺术,惟西方现代艺术马首是瞻,简单地挪用西方现代艺术形式,将使我们的艺术丧失民族的个性.     

征地制度改革与发展方式转变

建立市场经济体制以后,国家征地补偿依然延续计划经济时期的做法,使农民不能参与工业化、城市化进程,不能分享土地增值收益,导致社会矛盾激化。我国目前发展方式存在的主要问题是资源粗放利用,低效、浪费;吃子孙饭,透支未来;发展成果不能共享,利益分配不公,社会矛盾日渐突出。这都与现行征地制度有着直接或间接的关系。因此,转变发展方式,必须进一步解放思想,从根本上改变现行征地制度。     

乡村振兴背景下宅基地多功能权衡与协同研究——以德清县为例

目的 识别与量化宅基地多功能，分析宅基地功能间权衡与协同关系，为乡村振兴背景下宅基地功能优化提供科学依据。方法 文章基于要素和结构识别宅基地多功能，构建评价指标体系测算宅基地功能值，综合运用Spearman相关性分析和生产可能性边界度量和分析宅基地功能间权衡与协同关系。结果 （1）德清县的宅基地以社会、生态功能为主，经济、文化功能为辅，不同类型村庄的宅基地多功能表现有差异：相较于集聚提升类、城郊融合类和搬迁撤并类村庄，特色保护类村庄的各项功能具有明显优势。（2）德清县的宅基地生态、社会功能间呈中度协同关系，经济、社会功能间呈中度权衡关系，经济、生态功能间呈弱权衡关系，宅基地功能权衡强度在不同类型村庄显现差异：搬迁撤并类的经济、社会功能间权衡强度最大，特色保护类的经济、生态功能间权衡强度最小。结论 宅基地功能间存在显著的权衡与协同关系，未来应结合不同类型村庄的发展目标制定差异化的功能优化策略。     

论税收的时效性

时效性是税收强制性在时间上的体现，是税法赋予的一种规定性，是国家财政收支及时稳定的重要保证，是依法治税的必然要求，是衡量税务机关征管水平的基本依据。不论是税收法治的严肃性，还是国家各项事业急需财政资金的现实，都迫切需求提高税收的时效性。及时有效地组织好财政收入。     

Random Walks and Market Efficiency Tests of Latin American Emerging Equity Markets: A Revisit

The few existing studies on equity price dynamics and market efficiency for Latin American emerging equity markets show conflicting results. This study uses multiple varianceratio and auto-regressive fractionally integrated moving-average tests and new data (U.S. dollar-based national equity indices for the 1987–1997 period) to clarify these results. Documented evidence shows that equity prices in major Latin American emerging equity markets — Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico—follow a random walk, and that they are, generally, weak-form efficient. In sum, therefore, the evidence suggests that international investors in these markets cannot use historical information to design systematically profitable trading schemes because future long-term returns are not dependent on past returns.     

排污权有偿使用阶梯式定价研究——以化学需氧量排放为例

依据河南省2010年污染源普查数据,分析了不同行业化学需氧量排放的公平性问题,基于不同行业经济贡献与排污量之间的差异性的基础上,参考阶梯水价和电价的制定思路,提出了排污权阶梯式定价,并对其内涵与经济学特征进行了分析,最后,在恢复成本法定价的基础上制定了河南省化学需氧量有偿使用阶梯式价格。     

Land use optimization in watershed scale

Managing a watershed for satisfying the inhabitant's demand is a difficult task if one has to maintain a reasonable balance between usually conflicting environmental flows and demands. The solution to these complex issues requires the use of mathematical techniques to take into account conflicting objectives. Many optimization models exist for general management systems but there is a knowledge gap in linking practical problems with the optimum use of all land resources under conflicting demands in a watershed. In the present study, an optimization problem has been formulated for the Brimvand watershed, Iran, comprising ca. 9572 ha to find out the most suitable land allocation to different land uses, viz. orchard, irrigated farming, dry farming and rangeland targeting soil erosion minimization and benefit maximization.